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What are scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions?

Updated: Sep 14, 2022



CarbonNow's mission is to help companies to measure and then reduce their carbon emissions.


There are lots of different ways to think about emissions, and different ways to measure environmental impact.


One bit of terminology you may have come across is Scopes 1, 2 and 3 emissions.


But what are scope emissions!? And what do these numbers mean?


A very useful blog over on the National Grid site explains this all very nicely:

Simply put, scope 1 and 2 are those emissions that are owned or controlled by a company. Scope 3 emissions are a consequence of the activities of the company but occur from sources not owned or controlled by it.


Scope 1 emissions

Scope 1 covers emissions from sources that an organisation owns or controls directly – for example from burning fuel in a company's fleet of vehicles (if they’re not electrically powered).


Scope 2 emissions

Scope 2 are emissions that a company causes indirectly when the energy it purchases and uses is produced. For example, for a company's electric fleet vehicles the emissions from the generation of the electricity they're powered by would fall into this category.


Scope 3 emissions

Scope 3 encompasses emissions that are not produced by the company itself, and not the result of activities from assets owned or controlled by them, but by those that it’s indirectly responsible for, up and down its value chain. An example of this is when a company buys, uses and disposes of products from other suppliers. Scope 3 emissions include all sources not within the scope 1 and 2 boundaries.


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